Ethics as Social Conscience examines the foundations of ethics, and comes up with explanations of "morality" different from those offered in traditional academic works.

Individuals are largely disconnected from ethical decisions, as they usually accept social norms in directing their behavior. When people do make moral judgements, usually about new or very different situations, the judgement may influence others to behave similarly. If others copy the action, the implicit moral judgement could become a moral maxim directing future actions; i.e., a social norm. The interactive process of making norms is described as a "normative network."

While individual behavior matters locally, it is not significant globally. In the large, moral behavior is integrated into social norms which people follow. Thus, most of the traditional discussion about individual morality is tangential to Ethics.

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The Graduate Student's Question is the result of the author's search for the philosophical foundations  of an Ideal State. The Ideal State arises out of the urgencies of the French Revolution. It is not based on other-worldly purposes or absolute standards. The Ideal State is implemented as a Welfare State in order to meet human needs.

This book introduces Ergecology, the environmentally sensitive version of Political Economy. Ergecology is required to solve problems such as Global Climate Change and to formulate models of a humanitarian economy. Concepts such as "production for use" are justified by ergecological reasoning.

The 2nd Edition is extensively revised and rewritten to make the analysis of political philosophy clear and consistent. The chapters are reorganized to contain major topics in one place as much as possible. The first section, "Philosophical Speculations," is expanded to present and analyze more of the philosophy underlying political ideas and schemes.

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The Graduate Student's Question is a book about political philosophy. It examines the philosophical basis of differences between the political left and right and related subjects. It is written from a Utopian (democratic socialist) point of view.

 I have a quite different perspective than, say Prof. Lakoff (Moral Politics) or Prof. Rawls (Justice as Fairness). This book proposes finding new foundations for our political institutions. I believe neither the Social Contract nor the Family are an appropriate starting point. Biological and evolutionary considerations may provide a firm basis for theories of value, such as ethics, economics and politics.

This 4th printing of GSQ features a new and improved  index, as well as reformatted and corrected text. Very easy to read.

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While Democrats and Republicans are fighting over whose hands will hold the levers of power, the United States is a country running amok. GSQ tries to pull people away from those useless battles. It encourages the increasing numbers of people abandoning major political parties to ask, ‘What kind of country is this?’ Where are we headed? What for? Why?

The United States is an Empire headed for collapse, but that could change if enough individual Americans change their lives. The book emphasizes individual responsibility for what happens to oneself and society.

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OVERSTOCK & MISPRINTS!

First edition paperback: text unmarked, LIKE NEW. Some covers misaligned or bent.

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Walter Battaglia Online

You can help support these websites, particularly the analysis and commentary posted almost everyday. As I see it, what we're doing is keeping free thought alive. We aren't owned by any political party, corporation, religion or other "special interest." But that is the difficulty: mouthpieces are on the payroll. others aren't.

I have tried very hard to keep these sites free of advertising, now excepting book sales and donations. The reason I have done things that way is simply that I hate advertising, even my own! Almost everyone I know feels the same way. But, times are much tougher than they once were. Even PBS and NPR stations are taking advertising to stay afloat.

So, I have to ask for your help. I hope you will contribute.

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